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Scientists in the UK have recently discovered new evidence that suggests regular vitamin D supplements during winter could help reduce the risk for flu and other respiratory illnesses.
It’s a finding that has reignited interest in the so-called “sunshine vitamin” – and raised an awkward question for the millions of people living in Spain: Do you need to take supplements if you are surrounded by the sun?
The paradox of vitamin D in sunny countries
UVB rays that hit the skin trigger a process which helps regulate immune functions, bone health, and muscle strength. The climate of Spain, in theory, should allow for optimal vitamin D production throughout the year.
Studies consistently show, however, that vitamin D deficiency is common in Southern Europe, which includes Spain. This is known as the “vitamin D paradox” by researchers: high levels of sunshine, but low blood concentrations on average in many parts of the population.
This disconnect is due to several factors. Modern lifestyles mean many people – including expats – spend most of their days indoors, working from home or in offices during peak daylight hours. When people go outside, many wear sunscreen, long sleeves, and seek shade. These factors all reduce the ability of skin to produce vitamin D.
Winter adds a layer. From late autumn to early spring, the sun sits lower in the sky, and UVB rays are significantly weaker – even in Spain. Vitamin D levels may drop as the flu season intensifies due to shorter days, cooler temperatures, and skin that is covered.
What science has to say about influenza
Vitamin D is not a “killer” of flu viruses. It plays a part in the immune response to infection. Vitamin D is needed by immune cells to regulate inflammation and activate antimicrobial responses.
The results of large clinical trials indicate that taking low doses of vitamin D regularly may help reduce the risk of acute infections, especially in people with low levels of vitamin D. The benefits appear strongest when supplements are taken consistently, rather than in large, infrequent doses – and during winter months, when natural production drops.
These effects are not limited to those who live in dark, cold climates. Even living in a sunny climate doesn’t ensure enough vitamin D, if the exposure is irregular.
You can also find out more about MAny doctors recommend a Simple blood test Check vitamin D levels to determine if supplementation is needed. If you are deficient in vitamin D, taking a small daily supplement can help to support your immune system along with other preventative measures.
